The US Congress, Presidency and Bureaucracy

Overview A government is the body through which a political unit exercises its power, controls policies and implements them. It also directs and controls the actions of its members. There are three main branches that constitute the Federal government of the United States. These are the legislative, judicial and executive. It carries out governmental power and functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The US Congress, Presidency and Bureaucracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The laws of the country are keenly enforced by the executive organ of the federal government while the judiciary plays the role of interpreting the laws that have been approved by the Congress. The United States is governed by a democratic form of government. The President is appointed in office through an electoral process in a free and fair polling process. Therefore, a democratically elected President is largely supported by the majority o the populace. The federal government of the United States was formed in the eighteenth century, making it one of the first modern national federations in the world. This form of government has been debated ever since it was established and its constitution ordained. There are parties that often push for unlimited powers of the federal government while others are of the contrary view that the central government should not be given expanse powers in discharging its duties. Two Non legislative functions of the Congress in Policy Making Process Congress has other roles apart from these two non legislative ones that are being discussed in this chapter. It works with the President in discussing public policies before they are implemented by the bureaucrats. It is made up of senators and representatives who are chosen through a direct election (Cummings and Wise 426). Each of them represents a district and serves a term that goes for two years. Seats in the house are shared among the st ates by the public. It meets in the United States capital, Washington DC. First it has the power to investigate and supervise the on goings in the executive. The Subpoena Power of the Congress is often charged with the duty of coordinating the various functions allocated to different committees. There have been concerns about how congress oversees the executive actions. Some critics have accused the congress of not doing a good enough job in supervising the other arms of the government. In the Plame Affair, critics claimed that the Supreme law making body was not performing as expected in overseeing this case. The interaction between the Congress and the Executive has also been of a major concern. For instance, the manner in which the Congress acts as watchdog on the executive decisions is paramount. It has always been the tradition of the Congress to oversee most policy matters endorsed by the executive to ensure that the latter does not go overboard in discharging its mandate The second non legislative role of the Congress is that it has the power of impeaching the incumbent and also removing other government officers from office, that is; federal judges and other federal officers.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Congress has been influencing the Presidency in a variety of ways. Quite a number of factors account for this variance. For example, the leadership of the Congress as well as the political influence of the President when he or she is in office plays critical roles in the interaction between the Presidency and the Congress. The impeachment of Andrew Johnson reduced the power of the president compared to that of the congress for lengthy time after. Five Principle Roles of the President The President has five main roles that he plays: Head of State, Head of the executive, Commander in Chief, Chief Legislator and Chief Diplomat. The President also h as other important duties, but these five are the main ones required expected of him by the Constitution of the United States. The roles performed by the President go beyond mere legislation. Indeed, there are several ceremonial roles played by the President as a Chief Executive Officer of the country. He is the symbol of nationhood. Through this role the president can identify himself with the public which earns him respect with the people. He stands for the power of United States. Being the Chief Officer in charge of the country, the president is the leader of the executive organ of the government. He is assisted by his staff where he assigns most of the work to the executive and to the independent regulatory bodies that work within the executive section. The executive branch is considered to be a complex branch to run since the President has to cause the agencies and the bureaucrats implement his decisions and policies. In such times that he needs to have a strong sense of persu asion. As the Chief Executive, he also has the power to grant amnesty to those who may have offended the United States. The President is also a Commander in Chief; he is therefore the leader of the military of United States. He has authority to order when missiles should be launched and for troops to be commissioned. The President delegates his power to the commander of the armed forces. He makes decisions on when the military forces should commence their mission. However, the president does not have authority to declare war. There is however a constraint on his authority whereby he makes the decision then reports to the congress within a stipulated time. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The US Congress, Presidency and Bureaucracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He makes decisions on foreign policy and on how the United States should interact with other countries (Cummings and Wise 428). He has the advantage o f having extra information that congress may not have (for example The State Department, Pentagon, CIA all report to the President). He is the only one allowed to sign treaties after the Congress has approved. He also has the mandate to agree with other countries on executive matters. He has permission to acknowledge the validity of any other country. He has the power to use military to support his decisions as Chief Diplomat, an indication that sometimes his roles overlap. As Chief Legislator, the President has a duty to sign laws and to pass programs that will benefit his country. This is a more difficult role as he faces opposition within the congress especially if many of them make up the opposing political party. He uses his staff or liaisons to assist in persuading the congress to pass his programs. If he does not get votes on his bills he may threaten to veto their bills. Despite this, he has the responsibility to consider if the bills are good for the public even if he does not like parts of it. He has a duty to pass the bill with lines that he does not approve because it widely benefits the public. Towards the end of the 20th Century, the Supreme Court denied the president the rights to veto lines that he did not agree with, in which he could veto parts of a bill instead of the whole document. He however has permission to call back congress into a session or to end the sessions if need be. The above roles confirm that the President has a huge responsibility of ensuring the state is stable, united and secure. He also needs back up from his staff, the Congress and the bureaucrats. How Bureaucrats Shape Policy The perspective on ideology has the view that the first stages of a policy making agency are very important in determining its behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The application of rules, control or even the use of officially documented authority to steer performance is all under what is referred to as bureaucratic control. It includes such details as budgetary allocation, preparation of reports, performance evaluation as well as regulating results. This is according to Max Weber, a German Sociologist. In the government sector bureaucrats ensure that the decisions made by the governments are implemented. They communicate with one another, maintain accountability, interpret the law hence the implementation. Congress has delegated an expansive amount of authority to the federal bureaucracy by giving the agencies the power to draft federal regulations and to look into conflicts over these regulations. However, controlling the bureaucracy may be challenging because of a number of reasons. The process of monitoring and supervising everyone or each operation in the bureaucracy cannot be done by the President alone owing to a lot of work involved. Second, the fact that the people who administer the policy often have more knowledge about issues compared to what the President knows, gives the bureaucrats power. It is sometimes hard to fire bureaucrats even for incompetence and since many federal agencies provide services to a large number of people, they sometimes work together to defend the agencies. Finally in the policy implementation, the agency is the one that works on specifics after the Congress creates and passes a new program. Some presidents view bureaucrats as a hindrance to getting their agenda approved, since they have to do a lot of lobbying and persuading. The manner in which operations of the federal programs should be handled and adhered to is greatly influenced by the federal bureaucracy. The rule making happens in phases. To begin with, the Congress has to pass the new laws which are then scrutinized and eventually published in an official document. Those interested are allowed comment on the rules during pub lic address or by forwarding their views to the agency. There are 60 days set aside for waiting by the agency after writing down the final regulations. Thereafter, the rules can then be reinforced through an implementation process. It is the duty of the Congress to ascertain that the rules are being implemented. Theoretically, the due process of implementing the policies that have been endorsed by the Congress lies in the hands of the bureaucrats. Nonetheless, critics have quite often observed that the policymaking process in the federal government is largely influenced by bureaucrats Theories on the Role of Government in the economy It is known that consumers and producers make most decisions that build the economy. Nonetheless, the activities of the federal government on the economic performance of US fall into four main categories. The entire rate of economic activities is determined by the federal government so as to ensure stability and growth in the country. In order tom achie ve this, the government acts by adjusting the sensitive monetary policies such as the level of spending as well as taxation regimes. In addition, the amount of money in circulation is also regulated. This may improve or reduce growth in the economy. As a result, two important factors namely the level of employment and pricing mechanisms. Since the 1930s the government has been working on regulating the economy through juggling between the fiscal policy and managing the money supply and controlling the use of credit. The fiscal policy was embraced between the 1960s and 1990s until the government experienced high inflation, unemployment and huge government deficits that caused the president and Congress to lose confidence in the fiscal policy. Hence, the Federal Reserve Board was charged with the responsibility of controlling all policies related to financial matters. The private sector is regulated by the federal government in two major ways.. In price controls, it focuses on prevent ing monopolies like electric utilities and agricultural goods from exploiting consumers and gaining unreasonable profits. Consequently, there are quite a number of industries that decided to control prices having complained of unfair price cutting modalities. On the other hand, the antitrust law aims at developing market forces that are formidable enough to avoid a situation whereby it is controlling the market in a direct manner. Further, both the public and private sector have at one time or another implemented this legislation to hinder or hamper what they refer to as total competition. The government has equally regulated the private sector to adhere to some of the most important social objectives like marinating a healthy environment. However this decision by the government has been challenged over a number of years. This has resulted to the government relaxing the rules in the 1980s. They claimed that such business elements like liberalized enterprise were greatly hampered and as a result, it significantly contributed to poor economic performance due to elevated costs of running businesses. The government provides direct services on every level ranging from providing the country with adequate territorial defense, giving support to research and development activities, carrying out exploration exercises through its appointed agents like NASA to implementing myriad of programs aimed at improving the working conditions of workers (Cummings and Wise 421). There are several ways through which the government assists small scale enterprises for instance through loans and technical aid. It also provides loans to college going students thereby expanding their chances of acquiring skills that increase chances for them to get employed. It also encourages home lending where people get mortgage loans making housing affordable. It gives Social Security to individuals who have no means to adequately care for themselves which is financed by a tax on employers and employe es. In summing up, the government plays a big role in ensuring that its citizens are economically secure and comfortable. In as much as consumers and producers play an enormous role, the regulatory role of the government ensures that all is in check and that there is equitable distribution of resources. Works Cited Cummings, Milton C. and Wise, David. Democracy under Pressure: An Introduction to the American Political System. New York: Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2001. This essay on The US Congress, Presidency and Bureaucracy was written and submitted by user Jayc0b to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Verifica el costo de los community colleges por estado

Verifica el costo de los community colleges por estado A la hora de decidir dà ³nde estudiar, una de las ventajas de los Community Colleges es el costo, ya que es ms barato que el de las universidades. Si bien hay grandes diferencias por estados. Los Community Colleges, tambià ©n conocidos como colegios comunitarios, pueden ser privados, pero en su gran mayorà ­a son pà ºblicos y dependen del estado, de una ciudad o, incluso, de un condado. Y son estas instituciones pà ºblicas las que establecen las reglas sobre cunto cuesta la registracià ³n. En casi todos los 50 estados se establecen dos tipos de matrà ­cula: in state, para los residentes out of state, para los no residentes Para calificar como residente cada estado establece sus propias reglas. Por ejemplo, haber cursado la high school en ese estado. De tal manera que un vecino de Nueva Jersey que desea estudiar en Nueva York pagarà ­a como out of state. Tambià ©n son out of state los estudiantes internacionales con visas F-1 y M-1. Sin embargo, los indocumentados deben verificar cules son las reglas del estado en el que residen, ya que pueden calificar como in state. Por lo tanto, si a la hora de iniciar los estudios universitarios el costo es un factor fundamental a tener en cuenta, conviene verificar los precios de las matrà ­culas. Costo de los community colleges en Estados Unidos Alabama in state: $3,900 out of state: $7,622 La excepcià ³n es por un lado el Community College of the Air Force, que tiene un coste cero y por el otro Marion Military Institute, con un costo de $8,928 para los estudiantes residentes en el estado y de $14,928 para el resto. Alaska In state y out of state: $3,000. Alaska no cobra ms a los estudiantes que no son residentes en ese estado. Adems hay que destacar que el nà ºmero de estudiantes es realmente pequeà ±a en cada campus. Arizona In state: a partir de $1,008 por un semestre de 12 crà ©ditos. out of state, a partir de $4.026. En este estado algunos colegios comunitarios, como por ejemplo, el popular Maricopa, es del condado y establece costos diferentes segà ºn se resida en el mismo, en el resto de Arizona o de fuera. Arkansas In state, a partir de los $2,090 (Arkansas Notheastern) out of state a partir de los $3,890 en la misma institucià ³n, pero la mayorà ­a en el rango de los $3,900 a $6,600. California Este es un estado con muchà ­simos colegios comunitarios de entre los que elegir. Residentes, los costos comienzan a partir de los $1,382no residentes a partir de los $6,900.   California es, adems, uno de los estados con polà ­ticas ms amistosas hacia los indocumentados y es sede de la universidad ms popular entre los estudiantes internacionales: Southern California. Carolina del Norte Residentes en el estado, la matrà ­cula comienza a partir de los $2,208No residentes desde los $7,981. Sin embargo hay importantes excepciones, como el prestigioso Carolinas C. Health Science que tiene un costo para todo tipo de estudiantes de $9,271 por semestre para tiempo completo. Carolina del Sur In state tuition comienza en los $2,183 (Pamlico) aunque la mayorà ­a estn en el rango de los $3,500 a $4,900. Para lo residentes hay colegios comunitarios a partir de los $4,185 pero la mayorà ­a a partir de los $5,900 (Florence-Darlington Tech) e incluso varios cargan matrà ­culas por encima de los $10,000 por semestre, como por ejemplo Aiken Technical College, Midlands Tech, Technical Lowcountry o Greenville Technical. Colorado Los estudiantes del estado pagan entre $2,281 (Aims) y $4,500 (Community College of Denver). Los no residentes a partir de los $6,983 encuentran algunas posibilidades (Otero Junior), pero lo cierto es que muchos de ellos estn por encima de los $10,000 por semestre. Por ejemplo: Aims, Arapahoe, Community College of Aurora, Fort Range, Pueblo Community College, etc. Colorado cuenta con un sistema educativo pà ºblico excelente y sus colegios comunitarios son famosos por no pedir una calificacià ³n mà ­nima de TOEFL o por pedirlo bajo: 46 (Lamar), 45 (Pueblo), etc.   Connecticut En este estado hay una gran diferencia entre pagar in state o out of state. Los primeros encuentran colegios comunitarios la mayoria en el rango de los $3,700 a $3,900 por semestre. Por el contrario los no residentes pagan en la mayorà ­a de las instituciones por encima de los $11,000.   Adems, hay importantes excepciones a las dos categorà ­as de estudiantes. Asà ­, Goodwin College cobra $19,400 por semestre para residentes y no residentes y St. Vicent ´s College cobra una matrà ­cula similar. Dakota del Norte Para los residentes se puede encontrar colegios comunitarios a partir de los $2,000 (Turtle Mountain) pero la mayorà ­a estn entre los $3,300 y los $5,210 (United Tribes Tech). Para los no residentes el precio varà ­a desde los $2,050 (Turtle) a los $10,084 (Bismark State), pero la mayorà ­a se encuentra entre los $3,000 y $5,600. Dakota del Sur La mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios en este estado cobran por igual a todos los estudiantes sin tener en cuenta su lugar de residencia. Los precios varà ­an desde los $3,790 de Sisseton Wahpeton a los $9,000 de Kilian Comunity College.   Delaware Una buen aparte de los Community Colleges cobra a los estudiantes del estado $3,274 mientras que los de fuera pagan $7,274-$7,804. Hay importantes excepciones, como por ejemplo Delaware Art and Design que tiene una matrà ­cula de $23,390 para todos los alumnos. Adems esa escuela pide un 79 en el TOEFL. Florida La mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios cobran entre $2,900 y $3,300 a los estudiantes del estado. Sin embargo, los no residentes pagan cantidades muy superiores, a partir de los $10,791 (Gulf Coast) llegando incluso a estar algunos por encima de los $13,000, como por ejemplo Florida Keys. Georgia En este estado sureà ±o la mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios pà ºblicos cobran entre los $3,000 y los $5,400 por semestre a los residentes. Sin embargo, para los no residentes hay grandes variedades en el costo de la matrà ­cula, desde los que cobran aproximadamente $5,500 (Albany Technical, Augusta Tech, Chattahoochee Tec, Georgia Military o Wiregrass Georgia Tech) y los que cobran por encima de los $10,000, como por ejemplo Atlanta Metropolitan, A. Baldwin Agricultural College o Bainbridge. Hawaii En este archipià ©lago, considerado como uno de los mejores estados para vivir, en la mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios los residentes del estado pagan un tercio de la matrà ­cula de lo que pagan los de fuera del mismo. Por ejemplo, Hawaii C.C. cobra $3.314 a los primeros y $9,254 a los segundos. Idaho En este estado de gran belleza natural las matrà ­culas para los residentes se mueven en el arco de los $2,200 a los $4,000 por semestre. Por el contrario los no residentes deben esperar pagar entre $8,000 y $9,600.   Illinois En este estado del Medio Oeste americano hay una gran diferencia de costo  entre los residentes ($2,700-$4,350) y los no residentes ($6,250-$14,438). Indiana Este estado tiene un buen nà ºmero de colegios comunitarios que cobran en torno a los $4,000 a los residentes y casi $8,000 para los no residentes. Iowa En este estado hay diferencias entre in state y out of state, pero no son muy grandes. Por ejemplo, Hawkeye cobra $4,530 a los primeros y $5,280 a los segundos. Hay excepciones como por ejemplo Des Moines Area que cobra $4,080 a los primeros y exactamente el doble a los segundos. Kansas Salvo excepciones, los costos en este estado son bajos para residentes y no residentes. Por ejemplo: Barton County cobra $2,820 a los primeros y $3,750 a los segundos. Incluso los hay que cobran igual, como Manhattan Area Tech. Pero tambià ©n es cierto que en algunos la diferencia es grande (pero siguen siendo asequibles). Por ejemplo, Kansas City Community College cobra $2,490 in state y $6,210 out of state. Kentucky En este estado sureà ±o los costos de los no residentes casi cuatriplican a los de los estudiantes in state. Mientras que los segundos pagan aproximadamente $4,320, los primeros tienen una matrà ­cula de $15,120. Louisiana Los no residentes pagan entre el doble y el triple de los residentes. Por ejemplo, Baton Rouge cobra $3,366 in state y $7,422 out of state. En algunos colegios comunitarios como Eunice la diferencia entre ambas matrà ­culas es mayor. Maine En este estado atlntico la mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios cuestan en torno a los $3,500 para in state y aproximadamente $6,000 para los no residentes. Sin embargo hay importantes excepciones como por ejemplo Central Maine Medical donde la matrà ­cula para ambos tipos de estudiante es de $9,550. Maryland Mientras que para los residentes las matrà ­culas se encuentran en el rango de los $3,500 a $4,500, los out of the state pagan notablemente ms, habiendo grandes diferencias segà ºn la institucià ³n. Por ejemplo, Allegany cobra $7,438, mientras que Montgomery College $11,724. Massachusetts Para los residentes los precios oscilan desde lo moderado ($4,230 en Bunker Hill, por ejemplo) a caro ($16,950 en Benjamin Franklin Inst Tech).  Para los out of state prcticamente es imposible encontrar matrà ­culas por debajo de los $10,000. En este estado se encuentran dos de las universidades privadas de Estados Unidos: MIT, de gran fama para estudiar ingenierà ­a, y Harvard, una de las Ivy League ms apetecibles para los mejores estudiantes. Michigan Este es un estado con muchos colegios comunitarios. Para los residetnes los precios van desde los $2,700 (Kalamazoo Valley) a los $5,142 (Hennepin). Para los no residentes los precios varà ­an enormemente, desde los $5,700 (Lansing) a varios community colleges por encima de los $10,000, como Bay de Noc, Grand Rapids o Mid Michigan. Minnesota   Este estado tiene una gran variedad de costo, desde los colegios comunitarios con el mismo costo para residentes y no residentes (Alexandria Tech, Anoka, Central Lakes) y en torno a los $5,000 a pequeà ±as diferencias o notables. Ejemplo de esto à ºltimo es Lake Superior, donde los out of state pagan $9,536, casi el doble que los in state. Mississippi En este estado sureà ±o los no residentes pagan casi el doble que los residentes en la mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios, pero siguen siendo precios entre los ms bajos. Por ejemplo: East Mississippi: $2,600 para in state y $4,800 para out of state. Este ejemplo se puede considerar estndard del estado. Missouri La mayorà ­a de los residentes pagan entre $2,800 y $5,300 mientras que los out of state entre $3,800 y $6,450. Hay excepciones importantes como Linn State Tech donde se paga respectivamente $5,310 y $10,050. Montana Mientras que la matrà ­cula para los residentes oscila entre los $2,400 y los $3,060, los out of state tienen rangos muy diferentes. Por ejemplo, en Little Big Horn el costo es de $2,860 y en Flahead Valley es de $11,066. Nebraska Para los out of state  los precios son moderados, entre los $3,300 y los $7,900 mientras que para los in state las matrà ­culas oscilan entre los $2,600 y los $4,200. La institucià ³n ms cara es Nebraska College of Agriculture. Nevada En el estado del juego los residentes pagan $2,700 por cursar en un colegio comunitario mientras que los out of state deben desembolsar $9,345. Nueva Jersey En el Estado Jardà ­n los in state pagan entre los $3,700 y los $5,400. Los no residentes deben abonar entre los $4,400 (Camden) y los $14,100 (Cumberland County). Nueva York En la mayorà ­a de los colegios comunitarios los in state pagan en torno a los $4,500 por semestre mientras que los no residentes pagan casi el doble. Esto hay que tenerlo en cuenta, principalmente en la ciudad de Nueva York, ya de por sà ­ una de las ciudadades ms caras del paà ­s. Hay importantes excepciones. Por ejemplo, en Hudson Valley la matrà ­cula para residentes es de $4,542 y para los out of state es de $12,502. Adems, el American Academy of Dramatic Arts cobra $30,650 sin hacer distincià ³n en el lugar de residencia del estudiante. Nuevo Hampshire En este estado los colegios comunitarios no son baratos. Los residentes pagan entre $6,100 y $6,900 y los no residentes entre los $13,800 y los $14,940 (NHTI-Concord). Nuevo Mà ©xico Este es uno de los estados ms baratos para estudiar en un colegio comunitario. Para los residentes en el estado las matrà ­culas son inferiores a los $2,000, incluso a los $1,000 con las excepciones de Navajo Tech ($2,780) y Nuevo Mexico Military Inst ($6,741). Para los no residentes los precios son tambià ©n asequibles, en el abanico de los $2,000 a $$4,800, con las excepcià ³n de Centran New Mexico ($6,680) y New Mexico Military ($11,260). Ohio En Ohio hay grandes diferencias de costos segà ºn la institucià ³n. Para los in state van desde los $2,977 de Lorain County a los $10,456 de Chatfield College. Para los out of state los costos van desde los $4,390 de Eastern Gateway a los $14,735 de Cleveland State. Oklahoma En este estado los in state pagan entre los $2,800 y los $3,600. Los out of state tienen un rango que va desde los $5,500 a los $9,300. La excepcià ³n es el colegio Muscogee Nation donde ambos pagan $6,593. Oregà ³n En este estado del Pacà ­fico los in state abonan precios entre los $3,600 y los $5,500 mientras que la variacià ³n para los out of state es mucho mayor, desde los $4,400 de Tillamook Bay a los $15,975 de Clatsop. Pennsylvania Este estado, de grandes dimensiones, brinda oportunidades muy distintas en cuanto a precio, tanto para residentes como out of state. Para los primeros es posible enconrar a partir de los $2,250 (Wilson), pero tambià ©n los hay caros como Bidwell Training ($14,000) o Rosedale Tech ($13,810). Para los no residentes los precios comienzan a partir de los $8,000. Rhode Island En este pequeà ±o estado el Community College de Rhode Island brinda una matrà ­cula de $3,950 a los residentes del estado y de $10,582 a los de fuera. Tennessee Este es otro de los estados con grandes diferencias entre in state y out of state. Par los primeros la matrà ­cula est aproximadamente en los $3,800 meintras que los out of state alcanzan los $14,600.   Hay poca variedad de precios. Sin embargo una de las ventajas de estudiar en este estado es que cuenta con la ciudad ms barata de Estados Unidos. Texas Este estado se encuentra entre los que brindan matrà ­culas ms baratas. Los in state entre los $1,700 y $2,500.   Incluso para los out of state los costos son moderados, generalmente por debajo de los $4,500, si bien con excepciones notables como Austin C.C ($10,860) o Central Texas ($6,270). Utah El LDS Business College brinda para todos la misma matrà ­cula de aproximadamente $3,000 pro semestre. Por el contrario Salt Lake CC y Snow College hacen una gran diferencia entre in state (menos de $3,500) y out of state (ms de $10,000). Vermont El Community College of Vermont tiene una matrà ­cula de $7,090 para in state y de $14,050 para el resto de los estudiantes. Virginia Este estado tiene una oferta grande de colegios comunitarios. Mientras que los residentes pagan aproximadamente $4,000 los out of state pagan en torno a los $9,000-$10,000 o ms. Virginia Occidental Un buen ejemplo es el Northern Community College, donde 12 crà ©ditos cuestan $1,500 para los residentes y $4,800 para los estudiantes out of state. Washington Los in state tienen matrà ­culas en torno a los $4,000. Sin embargo hay grandes diferencias entre colegios comunitarios para los no residentes con matrà ­culas que van desde los $4,500 (Wenatchee Valley) a los $9,800 (Bates Technical). Wisconsin Este es otro estado con una gran oferta en colegios comunitarios. Los residentes pagan matrà ­culas entre los $3,900 y los $5,900 mientras que los no residentes pagan entre $5,700 (Lakeshore) y los $12,000, en los campus de Fond du Luc, Fox Valley, Marathon, Richland y Sheboyan de la Universidad de Wisconsin. Wyoming En este estado las variaciones son pocas. Los in state pagan entre $2,500 y $2,800 y los no residentes entre $6,200 y $6,600. Formas de pagar por los estudios universitarios Estudiar en Estados Unidos puede salir muy caro. Hay que tener reservas no sà ³lo para la matrà ­cula sino tambià ©n para el alojamiento, libros, seguros mà ©dicos, etc. Adems del dinero que pueda tener ahorrado cada familia o estudiante se pueden solicitar becas y/o crà ©ditos. Las reglas son distintas segà ºn se trate de estudiantes internacionales, ciudadanos, residentes o indocumentados. Por ejemplo, estadounidenses y titulares de la green card pueden acceder a ayuda financiera a travà ©s de FAFSA. Los estudiantes internacionales tienen becas abiertas a todo tipo de estudiantes, incluso en universidades de à ©lite y tambià ©n tienen un sistema de crà ©ditos pensados para ellos. En cuanto a los indocumentados, tienen becas para ellos, otras abiertas para todos, sin que importe su estatus migratorio. Y todo tipo de estudiantes debe consultar e informarse sobre las ayudas financieras que ofrecen sus respectivas universidades, incluidas las mejores del paà ­s. Dedicir quà © estudiar y dà ³nde es un proceso largo y complejo donde sin duda el costo es un factor fundamental a tener en cuenta.

Non-Toxic Colored Smoke Bombs

Non-Toxic Colored Smoke Bombs You may have read that the YouTube colored smoke bomb video is believed to have been faked, with the video showing a military smoke bomb, masked with duct tape, rather than the smoke bomb made using the recipe. I think that probably is true, but it doesnt invalidate the recipe for the colored smoke bomb (though I have heard recommendations that you avoid adding baking soda Im looking into that). Colored smoke bombs arent new. The other recipes I have listed date back as far as 1936. A colored smoke bomb is a normal smoke bomb, with dispersed dye. The trick is to release the dye into the air, rather than simply burn it.I get a lot of questions about the safety of smoke bombs. Is it safe to use your cookware for food after making a smoke bomb? Is the smoke bomb non-toxic? Is the smoke from the smoke bomb non-toxic?The classic smoke bomb recipe is very safe. The ingredients are sugar and saltpeter. I think we can agree that sugar is non-toxic. If you read the MSDS for saltpeter (potass ium nitrate), youll see eating it will cause you to throw up, and like other nitrates, it can be converted to nitrites, so its not good for kids to eat, but its not a poison. You shouldnt taste the smoke bomb, much less eat it, but if you do, its unlikely you would fall over dead (do call Poison Control). If you wash your cookware after making a smoke bomb, it will be safe for cooking. I should note: you can ruin your pan with this recipe. If youve made candy (badly), you know burnt sugar and pans dont go well together. Smoke particles arent great for your respiratory system. The smoke from the smoke bomb is no more or less safe than smoke from a campfire. Actually, the campfire smoke is worse, but it gives you a sort of safety benchmark.Moving on to the colored smoke bomb... I wouldnt eat the organic dye, nor would I intentionally breathe it. The MSDS of the particular dye you choose will give you details, and you should read the MSDS. Id make something like this in the lab, not my kitchen. The smoke is for show, not for inhalation. Its on par with the safety of most chemistry demonstrations. Its safe if you know what youre doing and use precautions, bu t not something the average person will want to make.

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson - Essay Example Through this short story, the author tries to explore incongruities that happen in people’s daily life thus examining humanity’s ability for wickedness and human kind weakness within a modern, well-known, American setting. In supporting this thesis by analyzing Jackson’s short story, this paper seeks to draw support by focusing on the use of symbolism, characterization, point of view, settings, and dialogue. The setting of the story is in a small village within which people have a close connection and the tradition has dominated. Through this setting, Jackson brings her point of view forth. Through the people’s habitual beliefs, the lottery is an annual event of stoning to death a victim of the winning ticket. This drawing has taken place for over 70 years and every member of the town has put it into practice. Using such a setting, it is evident that the author tries to bring forth how the people of this town are hypocrites and wicked. This town appears very mundane in which people know each other by names and people are very typical with ordinary names. In trying to use this setting, Jackson helps the reader understand that the extreme evils portrayed show how people are different from how they seem in spite of demonstrating a friendly atmosphere. Therefore, her point of view comes out clearly that, individuals need to understand each other even though they have lived together f or a while. Symbolism runs throughout the story, a literacy element that supports the thesis significantly. For instance, The Lottery is used as a symbolism of an event, deed, or a thought that is passed down across generations. Further, it turns to be an ordinary thing since it is unquestionably followed without minding their illogicality and how unethical it can be. In this village, the lottery has taken place for more that 70 years coming in June of every year (23).

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Response Paper - Essay Example The eye determines what it should see depending on the prevailing circumstances. A photographer has to ensure that the environment is conducive in order to take a high quality picture. It is true that some backgrounds such as metal work, jewelry, and precious stones have a big impact on the gaze of people (2). In order for people to have a good gaze, they need to wear unique clothes and ornaments that can easily attract the eyes. The mobility of the camera makes viewpoint clear on film and television. In modern days, there are big and sophisticated cameras that can take view from any angle. The sophisticated cameras ensure that images are viewed very clearly and allow easy capture of objects (4). Mirrors played a big role in the design of cameras; mirrors reflect gazes and eyes of individuals who are looking at them. The continuous change in technology has transformed the world of gaze and surveillance. In modern days, there are more powerful cameras that take both still images and videos in an easy way. Cameras have been imbedded in phones, meaning that any person can take pictures without necessarily having photographic

Women and Marriage Essay Example for Free

Women and Marriage Essay Women are confusing, complicated, and they can stress you out sometimes. On the other hand, they can make your entire day better whether it is a smile, hug, or just to give you extra support in life. That brings up the topic of marriage and for what reasons women ever think of getting married. The word marriage can be misinterpreted, and thought about very differently depending on your culture. Marriage in the eyes of most Americans is to represent a legal way of which to express how much you love and care for your partner. Most Americans never realize that marriage in other cultures can be put in to play for much different reasons. One other form of marriage is called marriage of convenience which is a marriage or joint undertaking arranged for political, economic, or social benefit in which rather than to love each other you get married to gain more power. All things a side marriage in general takes much time, effort, and most importantly understanding. Marriage, if looked at without bias, most people conclude that women are the main targets in society for the fact that they lose much freedom, rights, and not to mention their dignity. Men, on the other hand, gain things from the experience and do not have to worry about losing anything. I know that seems like a very unfair statement for all the men out there, but not only have I done surveys to prove it but all men know the facts. In the past, women would hand over everything to their husbands once they got married in which they didn’t have much of a choice. If the women would not have gotten married they would have had to live with their parents until they did get married, rarely did women live on their own and if they did they had little to no rights. The husband would work in the fields and bring home the money; while the women (wife) with no say in the matter, would have to stay home watching the children, cooking, and cleaning. Women not only were mentally treated like slaves, but were physically enslaved; if the husband got angry and hit his wife, she would have no choice but to just take the beating. Also, in that matter if the husband wanted sex he could force his wife to have sex with no consequences for his inhumane actions. For this matter, in the past the men had full control and power over his wife in ways that if those actions were performed in the present times the husband would not only be ridiculed but punished several times for his ridiculous mindset. Women in time became more powerful and started to declare their independence from the current mindset of American men that tried to degrade women. Men always thought they were superior to women, but they never could have imagined that women would stand up demanding the same fairness as men throughout the entire United States. Women were not even able to vote or even make any decisions in life in the recent past. Men had all the power to make not only his own decisions but also make his wife’s’ decisions. During World War 1 when the men were fighting over seas the women took it upon themselves to go work in the factories to prove how much independence they really had. At that time women started to realize how great life could be making decisions and having dignity. After that period of time women started forcing America to change for the better and women started gaining extensive amounts of respect. Over time women started wanting equal rights throughout the United States so in time women started gaining rights including voting, working, and even having the right to live on their own. Many men thought that women were not capable of fulfilling the same duties as men but are slowly finding out that there philosophy is completely wrong. Over time men have been working in the same careers as women and even to this day gender problems still occur on a daily basis. In fact a huge change in gender stereotypes came when fathers would become a stay at home father as the women would work to support the household. The women of America have created a total revolution in the framework of our society. When women get married in present times they still lose some freedom, but much dignity is kept for the sake of womens’ fight in society through the years.

Essay --

â€Å"Little Dancer, Aged 14† In 1881, Edgar Degas caused a scandal by unveiling Little Dancer Aged Fourteen (Petite danseuse de quatorze ans), his wax sculpture of a young ballet "rat†. Today, Degas' creation is considered a masterwork of Impressionist sculpture, a piece worthy of detailed study in an international exhibition. It wasn't just the subject matter of Little Dancer that repulsed critics in 1881 at an exhibition in which impressionist presented their work. The little dancer, Marie van Goethem, was a normal girl standing in a very normal position; it shows her hands behind her back instead of dancing. That ordinariness irritated those who believed that sculpture had to be monumental in subject and design. Degas also had the foolhardiness to use real materials, a muslin tutu, linen bodice, satin ballet shoes, a real hair wig and a colored satin ribbon rather than the customary media of bronze, stone and wood. (Wolgamott) Edgar Degas’s birth name was Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas. He was born in July of 1834 in Paris, France. Compared to most families at this time, he grew up moderately wealthy. Degas began to paint when he was very young. By the time he graduated from school in 1853, when he was 18, with a baccalaureate in literature, he created an art studio in his home to create his works of art. â€Å"After he completed high school, he applied to work in the Louvre Museum; however his father pressured him into to law school not believing in art as a career. Degas enrolled at the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris in November 1853, but put forth very little effort to his studies if any at all. In the early months of 1855, Degas was granted access to the École des Beaux-Arts, a French art school, his mentor whom he stu... ...ind it concerning that his subject would be of this age even for this period of time. My focus, unlike the professionals who critiqued this sculpture, is not based on the child’s aesthetics, it is on her age and why she is posing nude for an artist. One can’t help but think further on that subject, and how that Degas and other powerful male figures abused their power. The use of the cloth corset, satin objects and real hair wig is fascinating to me. In this era of art although the artwork that was created was of â€Å"real† things, you would not see the use of various materials on a clay sculpture. In fact, the idea was unheard of. Degas was one of the leading creators of the impressionism period along with Monet, without them the art world would not be the same and we would not view art and the various brush strokes and darkness of colors in the same light.

Comparing Macbeth and Frankenstein Essay

Both Macbeth and Frankenstein are powerful, ambitious characters. However, they have very different ambitions and desires. Macbeth’s ambition is to become king by committing murder whereas Frankenstein’s is to create life. For example â€Å"I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.† -Victor Frankenstein, chapter 3 Frankenstein. â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.† –Macbeth, act 1 scene 4 Macbeth. Frankenstein wants to create something innovative and astonishing, something that he can be remembered for and something that will push the boundaries of life and science. This is evident when he says, â€Å"pioneer a new way† and â€Å"unfold to the world the deepest mysteries.† We can understand why Frankenstein is driven by creative ambition when he uses the word â€Å"pioneer† which indicates to the reader that he wants to be the â€Å"leader† of this science in the future and wants to make progress beyond existing limits. Furthermore, the word â€Å"deepest† does have some connotations of â€Å"dark† and â€Å"unknown;† this could be foreshadowing to the reader what is to come. Unlike Frankenstein, Macbeth is completely consumed by his ambition to kill. He has to commit murder to achieve his goals and his ambition is a major factor in what leads him to do so. Macbeth is already in a highly regarded position within his kingdom, but once he has had a taste of this newfound power, his desire for more cannot be stopped. â€Å"Stars,† in the eyes of a Jacobean audience, would suggest something heavenly or Godly. So by saying this it is almost blasphemes: Macbeth is asking God to turn a blind eye on what he is about to do and asking that his true, evil intentions not be understood by his peers, â€Å"black and deep desires.† Both Macbeth and Frankenstein, to their respective audiences, would have been viewed as people defying the boundaries of life and humanity. Frankenstein, pushing the boundaries of creation and trying to â€Å"Play God:† Macbeth doing acts that are unnatural to human beings.

David Lynch as a Cult Auter

David Lynch as a Cult Auteur David Lynch has long been known for his abstract, surrealist, highly ambiguous, and often confusing films. Since his first film, the bizarre and depressing Eraserhead, Lynch has become synonymous with the word â€Å"baffled. † He has been responsible for heady acid trips such as Lost Highway, Mulholland Drive, and Inland Empire. He has created a bizarre examination of sex and violence in Blue Velvet and a quiet, emotional character study in The Elephant Man.Lynch has always been the artsy type; throughout high school, he was a keen painter, with a very abstract style, and after leaving school, he studied painting at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1964. However, he left after only a year, stating that â€Å"I was not inspired AT ALL in that place†. He then proceeded to travel around Europe to study the works of Austrian expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka. He returned to America, however, after only 15 days. He then studied Fine Arts at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, before moving to Los Angeles in 1971 to study filmmaking at the AFI Conservatory.It was at this time that Lynch began winning grants in order to fund his films, including one for $10,000 which he received from AFI in 1970 to make his debut feature-length film, Eraserhead. Over his lengthy career, Lynch has been nominated for four Oscars, but has yet to win. Four of his films have been nominated for the Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival; 1990? s Wild At Heart won the prestigious award, and Lynch also won Best Director at the festival for his 2001 film Mulholland Drive. Lynch, like many other burgeoning directors, started his audio visual career making short films.From 1966-1974, he created four of film history’s arguably most memorable shorts, leading up to his breakout, oft-critiqued feature, Eraserhead (1977). His style is defined by the dark, the grotesquely physical, and the straight out bizarre. Many of h is shorts included animation of his paintings. Sound and music for films was also of utmost importance to the paranoia-filled atmosphere of his works. The dark and the bizarre were aspects he would carry over to his television show, Twin Peaks, which aired for two seasons in 1990 and 1991.Lynch is valuable because he explodes conventions, both cinematic and psychological, but it’s not enough for him to be as strange as possible—even an approach based on throwing off the fetters of the conventional and the logical demands a kind of discipline. The trick is to allow one’s imagination free play, but to be able to recognize what is genuinely strange and unsettling, rather than merely bizarre, to distinguish between the rare specimens you’ve unearthed from the darkness of the ocean floor and the seaweed clinging to you when you emerge from the water.It’s a completely unscientific process, and one that can’t be forced, so in a sense it’s ac hievement enough that Lynch has remained devoted to exploring his own subconscious, however successful he’s been in conveying his findings to the screen. Leading film critics Le Blanc and Odell state that Lynch’s films â€Å"are so packed with motifs, recurrent characters, images, compositions and techniques that you could view his entire output as one large jigsaw puzzle of ideas. One of the key themes that they noted was the usage of dreams and dreamlike imagery within his works, something they related to the â€Å"surrealist ethos† of relying â€Å"on the subconscious to provide visual drive. † This can be seen in John Merrick’s dream of his mother in The Elephant Man, Agent Cooper’s dreams of the red room in Twin Peaks and the â€Å"dreamlike logic† of the narrative found in Eraserhead, Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire. Another defining pattern of Lynch’s films is that he tends to feature his leading female actors in mul tiple or â€Å"split† roles, so that many of his female characters have multiple, fractured identities.This practice began with his choice to cast Sheryl Lee as both Laura Palmer and her cousin Maddy Ferguson in Twin Peaks and continued in his later works. In Lost Highway, Patricia Arquette plays the dual role of Renee Madison/Alice Wakefield, while in Mulholland Drive, Naomi Watts plays Diane Selwyn/Betty Elms and Laura Harring plays Camilla Rhodes/Rita and in Inland Empire, Laura Dern plays Nikki Grace/Susan Blue. By contrast, Lynch rarely creates multi-character roles for his male actors.In a short film titled â€Å"How to Make a David Lynch Film† a group of young film makers explored just that. In the short, the group highlight a number of definitive features found in Lynch’s films. They mention that â€Å"the people who like David Lynch do so because he is the master of mood, or because he’s all about atmosphere† and that â€Å"the ‘art sier’ the fan you speak to, the more they pretend to understand Lynch’s nonexistent plots. † Other Lynchian traits mentioned in the short include: * Unneeded tension brought about by dramatic pauses between dialogue * There must be ominous ounds or music in every scene to create a mysterious atmosphere * There must always be a character that goes by the name of Mr. , followed by a common first name (eg. Mr. Jimmy) * When in doubt, add close ups of eyes and lips * Phone calls to add suspense * Halfway through the film, change the actor/actress playing the lead character * In between scenes always fade in and out of black * There should be nudity for no apparent reason * Random shots of out of focus movement * Lots of kissing * Painted fingernails * Lesbian love scenes At least one sex scene, often overexposed * Infantilism (eg. Dennis Hopper as Frank Booth in Blue Velvet) * Use of black and white * Abrupt endings and loose ends Lynch is an established auteur; in f act, not only does he write his screenplays, but he has been involved with every level of his films production at one point or another: sound design, editing, camera work, lighting, casting, special effects, music, etc. His hands-on approach to every aspect of his films has helped to tie them all together with a common thread.Lynch has sufficient strength of identity within his work and peculiarity of world view to warrant his position as auteur, and David Foster Wallace, in his ‘Premiere' article for Lost Highway, said : â€Å"Whether you believe he's a good auteur or a bad one, his career makes it clear that he is indeed, in the literal Cahiers du Cinema sense, an auteur, willing to make the sorts of sacrifices for creative control that real auteurs have to make – choices that indicate either raging egotism or passionate dedication or a childlike desire to run the sandbox, or all three. As Orson Welles said, â€Å"Cinema is the work of a single man, the directorâ₠¬ . Lynch's films, good or bad, successful or not, have been the work of a film-maker in control of his medium, aware of his position as auteur and willing to assert it within his texts. Many of Lynch’s works have developed a cult following over the years. Of note are Eraserhead, Blue Velvet and Mulholland Drive.There are also many in the Lynchian â€Å"cult† who are not film specific. That is, they are fans and followers of David Lynch himself, and are intrigued by all things Lynchian. The major reason that Lynch’s films stand the test of time is due to their very nature; because his innovative style is so surreal and cryptic, a selection of viewers are compelled to delve further into understanding his films.That’s the beauty of Lynch; his films deeply intrigue his audiences, igniting a thirst in the niche, cult followers to decipher meaning in films where others see none. In most cases, a director cannot really foresee whether or not a film will develo p a cult following over time. However, a further urge to make sense of his works is almost inherent of Lynch’s style, and some may argue that Lynch has constructed his films with the intention of being labelled by society as ‘weird’, or ‘strange’.It almost gives his loyal followers an excuse to be self righteous of their involvement in the cult community; â€Å"Hey look at me, I study Lynchian films, aren’t I cultured? † It can give them a sense of intellectual snobbery. Lynch’s most recent feature, Mulholland Drive was initially scripted and filmed as a television pilot, however, the project was turned down by several networks, and so, after some deliberation, Lynch decided to finish the text as a feature film.As a pilot, the story didn’t have a proper ending, and it took Lynch quite some time to formulate an ending for the film; however he says that it all came to him one night when he sat down on a chair and closed his eyes. In Mulholland Drive, Lynch dwells upon the theme of duality of identity, set in the world of Hollywood. After the failure of both her movie career and her love affair, the main protagonist, Diane, imagines a fantasy of her as another character named Betty, by recreating her ruined career and failed relationship with the woman she loves.To further expand on his main themes of identity, fantasy and reality, duality of things and Hollywood, Lynch uses contrasted filming techniques for each of the parts of the movie, creating a visual dichotomy between Diane’s fantasy (where everything is embellished in a way, highly illuminated, colourful and visually striking) and reality (which is almost completely dark and uses very little lighting, making it seem quite surreal), thus blurring the edges between the two. In her fantasy, Diane loses her identity, as her dream presents another aspect of herself. One ight argue that this fantasy is actually Diane’s attempt at self-id entification, but it is also another representation of her own personality. In the end, Diane must understand that she is comprised of, and capable of, both light and dark, good and evil, naivete and deep mystery. Therefore, she cannot escape or ignore the darker parts of herself – her failure, her hatred, her jealousy. Lynch has explained duality in his films in this way: â€Å"You must have the contrasts. Films should have power. The power of good and the power of darkness, so you can get some thrills and shake things up a bit.If you back off from that stuff, you’re shooting right down into lukewarm junk. †¦You have to believe things so much that you make them honest†. In other words, he argues that in order for films to be strong and powerful, they need to present both sides of a coin, an unrestricted view of life with all of its light and all of its darkness. However, according to him, there is no need to fear the darker side because it is a part of all of us: â€Å"Fear is based on not seeing the whole thing and, if you could get there and see the whole thing, fear is out the window†.Hence he argues that once we come to terms with these darker things and accept them as a natural contrast in all of us, rather than try to hide and escape them, we will be able to face and understand them. In an interview with The Denver Post during the release of Mulholland Drive, Lynch says: â€Å"we know that when we're walking around we see the surface of things, but sometimes we sense something more, sometimes what we sense approaches a kind of dreamlike state.Those feelings take on a life of their own; they are just as real as anything else. † This echoes Breton’s lecture that these often dichotomous forces of inner and external reality â€Å"are the one and the same thing. † However, Lynch does make note that we do approach these various layers of reality in different ways: â€Å"We have waking, sleeping and dreami ng—for most people that's what we deal with. So all of them are real, though the brain functions in a different way for each. The final movement of Mulholland Drive asks its viewers to reinterpret the first 100 minutes of screen time as now being a universe fabricated in the consciousness of small-time, failed-actor Diane Selwyn, who lies dying (or dead) somewhere in a run-down apartment in Hollywood. Linking the narrative material of the film’s final movement to the material that preceded it becomes critical in terms of how one understands the workings of the film. Of course, crucial as it may be to connect narrative information to the film’s internal structures, it is not this alone that makes Mulholland Drive such a unique experience.As in much of Lynch’s other work, the film asks its viewers to attend to every aspect of its construction, from colour schemes to camera movement, from music and sound to performance, from lighting to editing patterns, fro m set design to costume and make-up. In short, every element of the film’s construction can be a container of possible meaning. Because of this, most viewers miss much of the film’s meaning, and walk out of the theatre complaining that it made no sense. Others, however, may pick up on certain symbols or motifs, and are intrigued to decipher their meaning after viewing.What’s especially interesting in Lynch’s films is the way the entire mise-en-scene is presented as meaningful and significant. The hierarchy of significance that we associate with most movies, where some things are to be attended to more than others, is abandoned. We can never tell while watching a scene – at least the first time around – what its most significant features are. It’s possible that a seemingly minor detail will turn out be of critical importance. Everything is presented on the same level of significance.Over the years, Mulholland Drive has developed a cult following in a niche audience, and many of its devout followers are continuously attempting to decipher elements of the film. The website mulholland-drive. net is an extensive database of information regarding the film, where the film’s loyal followers can discuss the film and share their understanding of certain elements of the movie. Since all of the posts on the site are by members of the niche audience, it gives everyone a chance to see what other people thought of the movie and their analysis of its meaning.The website epitomises the commitment of members of a films cult following. To conclude, it is fair to say that David Lynch has well established himself in society as a cult auteur to be reckoned with. His abstract style often leaves his viewers with more questions than answers, and for some viewers, a desire to learn more. It is this factor that has essentially led to Lynch’s grandiose cult status. His followers are intrigued by his ambiguity. Although his ti me as a director will inevitably come to an end, the legacy of his films will last forever through their cult status. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 33 [ 2 ]. David Lynch. (2013, March 16). In  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia [ 3 ]. Le Blanc and Odell, 2000, p. 08 [ 4 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 148 [ 5 ]. Cook, 1986 [ 6 ]. David Lynch On Mulholland Drive, DVD Extra [ 7 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 150 [ 8 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 244 [ 9 ]. â€Å"Lynch composes cerebral symphony†, Rosen, 2001 [ 10 ]. Breton, ed. Fotiade 2000, p. 04

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Staff Members Nursing Homes

buy custom Captivating Nursing Essay Examples on Staff Members Nursing Homes Nursing Essay Example on Acts of Violence and Staff Members Nursing Homes Introduction Violence is any act, physical or verbal, aimed at a second party, which causes massive bodily or mental damage and/or harm. In a society aiming to uphold peace and harmony, such acts are unacceptable if not deplorable. Despite this, violence experienced in nursing homes is beyond any wild imagination. Staff members and certified nursing assistants in nursing homes have frequently yet silently been the subjects of violence for a long time. To say that it is understandable given the nature of their work is to be ignorant. The time to implement recommendations made by many researchers has surely come. Administrators, policy makers, and other stakeholders, therefore, have to use this opportunity to minimize, if not to eradicate all atrocities borne by staff members in nursing homes. Since experiences and information obtained from the Daughter of Miriams Nursing Home is reflective of the events occurring in other nursing homes nationwide, it is not wrong to assume that the suggestions put forward are revelatory. These suggestions will not only be a turning point to the Daughter of Miriams Nursing Home, but also to all other nursing homes aiming to increase staff's satisfaction and enhance its productivity.

Azuria Medical Problems Essays - Medicine, Health Care, Free Essays

Azuria Medical Problems The state-run medical system has collapsed in Azuria, and only rudimentary care is available through NGOs (when they aren't being shot or kidnapped). Statistically there is supposed to be one doctor for every 4,640 people in Azuria. Diarrhea, communicable and parasitic diseases are rampant in the country. Chloroquine-resistant malaria is present in all parts of the country. Larium should be used for chemical prophylaxis. Cholera, dracunculiasis (Guinea worm), cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, rabies, relapsing fever and typhus (endemic flea-borne, epidemic louse-borne and scrub) are prevalent. Azuria is also receptive to dengue fever, as there have been intermittent epidemics in the past. Meningitis is a risk during the dry season in the savanna portion of the country, from December through March. Schistosomiasis may also be found in the country and contracted through contact with contaminated freshwater lakes, streams or ponds. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travelers coming from infected areas. There's also a pesky little problem with Tumbu Fly, a local maggot that burrows into human skin, munching on flesh all the way. The larvae grows big enough to rip out flesh before it turns into a fly. Hospital Resources No non-trauma medical care is being delivered at the hospitals. If the needs of those with chronic or acute medical conditions, such as diabetes, are being met, it is likely to be through the efforts of private physicians working out of their private homes in the community. Hospitals provide casualty care to heavily populated portions of the country. Digfer Hospital in Mogadishu has the capacity for about 650 inpatient beds, with an estimated current inpatient census of 1,000 patients. Benadir Hospital in Djibouti City has approximately the same capacity and current census. Medina Hospital in Mogadishu currently holds approximately 400 patients. Hospital needs in the north are served by a team of five Azuri physicians who set up the "Health Emergency Committee" on April 18, 2005. They work out of 27 converted villas, which have been combined to form what is called Karaan Hospital, where most of the emergency surgery takes place. An additional set of 16 villas in the north constitute a collective inpatient ward, Karaan 2, for patients who are convalescing from acute injury. The total number of patients hospitalized in these 45 villas is approximately 5,000 to 6,000 people. For medicines, the Karaan Hospital relies entirely on weekly supplies brought in by the ICRC. The physical condition of the acute care areas of these hospitals is uniformly austere and, with the exception of the casualty and operating areas of Medina Hospital, where the expatriate staff from Mdecins Sans Frontires-France (MSF) have taken over and renovated the most advanced of the city's surgical units, conditions are unsanitary. As the factional fighting prompted urban fighting and then as the intra-clan conflict broke out, makeshift casualty wards were set up in the existing entryway in the other two hospitals in the south during the course of the past year. During this year, both parties to the conflict have looted and destroyed public and private facilities. They have not spared hospitals. Digfer Hospital was particularly hard-hit and stripped almost bare of equipment, furnishings, and supplies. The ICRC had opened a hospital for the care of acutely injured casualties for the north in early February, but after one week of operations, was forced to close it abruptly in the face of active hostilities. (The hospital is operational again; see below). The surgical care structures on the north are even more minimal, since they were built as private homes. With the exception of the acute casualty and surgical areas of Medina Hospital, none of these hospital structures have screens over the windows to keep out flies and other insects. Electricity is available only to the operating areas on an intermittent, limited basis, from locally maintained diesel fueled generators. Running water is infrequent and unclean. There is no oxygen available in the city and no inhalation anesthesia possible. Surgical drapes are scarce or non-existent, depending on the site or hospital. Sterilizers occasionally work and are used according to varying routines and frequency. Much of the surgical equipment in most of the sites is re-used without interim sterilization over a 24-hour period. Casualty and operating areas are mopped down intermittently, depending on the volume of cases arriving in acute condition. Available antibiotics included penicillin and erythromycin; medicine for the prevention of tetanus was in short supply. Medical support can continue to be provided at its current rudimentary level only if the lifeline provided by the ICRC can be maintained. Medical supplies to both sides of the city and food rations for

Dunkle v. State, 2006 Okla. Crim. 29, 139 P.3d 228, 2006 Okla. Crim Assignment

Dunkle v. State, 2006 Okla. Crim. 29, 139 P.3d 228, 2006 Okla. Crim. App. Lexis 29 (2006), - Assignment Example Character evidence was used in the court for the purpose of proving action and computer-generated crime scene re-enactments were used to persuade the jury that the state’s version were consistent with evidence at the scene and the defendant’s was not. Based on this, Dunkle was convicted of first degree murder. Dunkle has now appealed for her sentence and conviction. The issue is whether, by using improper character evidence, the appellant was denied of a fair trial. It is to be seen if character evidence provided is relevant and admissible in the court of law. Another issue is whether the computer-generated re-enactments are actual images of the crime or a set of possibilities. Previously, the Court had convicted Dunkle of first degree murder, but the decision has now been reversed and the case has been remanded for a new trial. It was found that there were reversible errors in admitting of computer-generated reconstructions and, irrelevant and inappropriate character evidence. The previous court had decided that the character evidence showcased and the evidence from computer-generated re-enactments were sufficient to prove that Dunkle had committed the crime and hence was convicted of first degree murder. But this court is of the opinion that evidence is insufficient to justify the decision. The court came to this conclusion as most of the arguments of the State were directed towards establishing that Dunkle had a bad character and a person who would kill someone but there was no attempt made to establish an apparent motive for the crime. The majority of the character evidence presented was irrelevant to the murder charge. And with respect to computer-generated re-enactments, the evidence only proves that defendant’s version is not consistent with the evidence at the scene but in no way proves the claim of the state that the